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Ecology of woodlands and forests : description, dynamics and diversity /
| Autor principal: | |
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| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Libro |
| Lenguaje: | English |
| Publicado: |
Cambridge ; New York :
Cambridge University Press,
2007.
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Información biográfica Tabla de contenido Tabla de contenido |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Metric equivalents
- 1. Introduction: Forest basics
- 1.1. Characteristics of woodlands and forests-- 1.2. The value of woodlands and forests
- 1.3. Tree biology and how it influences woodland ecology
- 1.4. Spatial structure
- 1.5. The woodland ecosystem: food chains, food webs and the plant, animal and decomposition subsystems
- 1.6. Forest types and classification
- 1.7. Regional classifications of forests and woodlands
- 2. Forest soils, climate and zonation
- 2.1. Soils and trees
- 2.2. Features of forest soils
- 2.3. Roots, foraging and competition
- 2.4. Forest zonation and site quality
- 2.5. Rain forests : climate, soils and variation
- 3. Primary production and forest development
- 3.1. Plant life forms and biological spectra
- 3.2. Light and shade
- 3.3. Water
- 3.4. Temperature and pollutant influences on tree growth
- 3.5. Altitudinal zonation and timberlines
- 3.6. Evergreen and deciduous strategies: aspects of competitive advantage
- 3.7. Contrasts between three widespread tree genera: the pines, beeches and oaks
- 3.8. Ecology and significance of ageing trees.
- 4. Reproductive strategies of forest plants
- 4.1. Plant strategies
- 4.2. Regenerative strategies and vegetative spread
- 4.3. Reproduction and fruiting
- 4.4. Masting
- 4.5. Roles and influences of animals
- 4.6. Time constraints
- 5. Biotic interactions
- 5.1. Producers and consumers
- 5.2. The interdependence of producers and consumers
- 5.3. Insect defoliation and damage
- 5.4. Forest fungi
- 5.5. Specialized heterotrophs: epiphytes, parasites and saprotrophs
- 5.6. Exotic plants
- 5.7. Herbivorous mammals and birds
- 5.8. The impact of woodland carnivores and omnivores
- 5.9. Herbivores and the Holocene: did the lowland European forest have a closed canopy?
- 6. Biodiversity in woodlands
- 6.1. Genetic variation in populations and its implications
- 6.2. Selection pressures and biodiversity
- 6.3. Biodiversity at organism, population and habitat levels
- 6.4. Changes in species diversity over time
- 6.5. What allows species to co-exist in a woodland?
- 6.6. Conservation, biodiversity, population integrity and uniqueness.
- 7. Decomposition and renewal
- 7.1. The vital key to a working forest
- 7.2. Decomposition
- 7.3. Degradative stages
- 7.4. How much dead material is there?
- 7.5. What controls the rate of decomposition?
- 7.6. Rates of decomposition
- 7.7. Woody material
- 8. Energy and nutrients
- 8.1. Growth of forests
- 8.2. Energy flow through forest ecosystems
- 8.3. Nutrient cycling
- 8.4. Nitrogen
- 8.5. Nutrient dynamics in different forests
- 8.6. Human influences
- 9. Forest change and disturbance
- 9.1. Ecology of past forests
- 9.2. Ecological processes that govern change
- 9.3. Disturbance, patch dynamics and scales of change
- 9.4. Examples of forest change
- 9.5. Stability and diversity
- 10. Working forests
- 10.1. Forest resources and products
- 10.2. Single- and multi-use forests
- 10.3. Silviculture and the replacement of trees
- 10.4. Improving the forest: choice of species and provenance
- 10.5. Forest practices
- 10.6. Sustainable forest management
- 10.7. Landscape ecology and forests
- 11. The future
- how will our forests change?
- 11.1. Threats to forests and the increasing demand for timber
- 11.2. Desertification
- 11.3. Climate change
- 11.4. Other causes of forest decline
- 11.5. Problems in urban forests
- the social interface
- 11.6. Agroforestry and new forests
- 11.7. The final challenge
- References
- Index.