Plant growth and climate change

Detalles Bibliográficos
Otros Autores: Morison, James I. L., Morecroft, Michael D.
Formato: Libro
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford ; Ames, Iowa : Blackwell Pub., 2006.
Colección:Biological sciences series (Oxford, England)
Materias:
Cambios climáticos.
Crecimiento (Plantas).
Acceso en línea:http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0611/2006009717.html
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0802/2006009717-b.html
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0802/2006009717-d.html
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • List of contributors
  • Preface
  • 1. Recent and future climate change and their implications for plant growth / David Viner, James I.L. Morison and Craig Wallace
  • Introduction
  • The climate system
  • Mechanisms of anthropogenic climate change
  • Recent climate changes
  • Future changes in anthropogenic forcing of climate
  • Future global climate scenarios
  • Future regional climate scenarios
  • Concluding comments
  • References
  • 2. Plant responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide / Lewis H. Ziska and James A. Bunce
  • Introduction
  • Overview of plant biology
  • A word about methodology
  • Gene expression and carbon dioxide
  • Cellular processes : photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) and carbon dioxide
  • C₃ photosynthesis
  • C₄ photosynthesis
  • Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis
  • Photosynthetic acclimation to rising CO₂
  • Cellular processes : photosynthetic carbon oxidation (PCO) and carbon dioxide
  • Single leaf response to CO₂
  • Leaf carbon dynamics
  • Inhibition of dark respiration
  • Leaf chemistry
  • Stomatal response and CO₂
  • Whole plant responses to rising CO₂
  • Plant development
  • Carbon dynamics
  • Stomatal regulation and water use
  • Plant-to-plant interactions
  • Plant competition : managed systems
  • Plant competition : unmanaged systems
  • How does CO₂ alter plant-to-plant interactions?
  • Plant communities and ecosystem responses to CO₂
  • Managed plant systems
  • Water use in managed systems
  • Water use in unmanaged plant systems
  • Other trophic levels
  • Global and evolutionary scales
  • Rising CO₂ as a selection factor
  • Global impacts
  • Uncertainties and limitations
  • References
  • 3. Significance of temperature in plant life / Christian Körner
  • Two paradoxes
  • paradox 1
  • Paradox 2
  • Baseline responses of plant metabolism to temperature
  • Photosynthesis
  • Dark respiration
  • Thermal acclimation of metabolism
  • Growth response to temperature
  • Temperature extremes and temperature thresholds
  • The temperatures experienced by plants
  • Temperature and plant development
  • The challenge of testing plant responses to temperature
  • References
  • 4. Temperature and plant development : phenology and seasonality / Annette Menzel and Tim Sparks
  • The origins of phenology
  • Recent changes in phenology
  • Attribution of temporal changes
  • Detection of phenological change
  • Attribution of year-to-year changes in phenology to temperature and other factors
  • Confounding factors
  • Evidence from continuous phenological measures
  • Possible consequences
  • References
  • 5. Responses of plant growth and functioning to changes in water supply in a changing climate / William J. Davies
  • Introduction : a changing climate and its effects on plant growth and functioning
  • Growth of plants in drying soil
  • Hydraulic regulation of growth
  • Water relations of plants in drying soil
  • Water movement into and through the plant
  • Control of gas exchange by stomata under drought
  • Water relation targets for plant improvement in water scarce environments
  • Control of stoma, water use and growth of plants in drying soil : hydraulic and chemical signalling
  • Interactions between different environmental factors
  • Measuring the water availability in the soil : long-distance chemical signalling
  • The integrated response to the environment
  • Conclusions : a strategy for plant improvement and management to exploit the plant's drought response capacity
  • References
  • 6. Water availability and productivity / João S. Pereira, Maria-Manuela Chaves, Maria-Conceição Caldeira and Alexandre V. Correia
  • Introduction
  • Water deficits and primary productivity
  • Net primary productivity
  • Water-use efficiency
  • Variability in water resources and plant productivity
  • Temporal variability in water resources
  • Variability in space
  • In situ water redistribution - hydraulic redistribution
  • Plant communities facing drought
  • Species interactions with limiting water resources
  • Vegetation change and drought : is there an arid zone 'treeline'?
  • Droughts and wildfires
  • Agricultural and forestry perspectives
  • Agriculture
  • Forestry
  • References
  • 7. Effects of temperature and precipitation changes on plant communities / M.D. Morecroft and J.S. Paterson
  • Introduction
  • Methodology
  • Mechanisms of change in plant communities
  • Direct effects of climate
  • Interspecific differences in growth responses to climate
  • Competition and facilitation
  • Changing water availability and interactions between climate variables
  • Interactions between climate and nutrient cycling
  • Role of extreme events
  • Dispersal constraints
  • Interactions with animals
  • Is community change already happening?
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 8. Issues in modelling plant ecosystem responses to elevated CO₂ : interactions with soil nitrogen / Ying-Ping Wang, Ross McMurtrie, Belinda Medlyn and David Pepper
  • Introduction
  • Modelling challenges
  • Chapter aims
  • Representing nitrogen cycling in ecosystem models
  • Overview of ecosystem models
  • Modelling nitrogen cycling
  • Major uncertainties
  • How uncertain assumptions affect model predictions
  • Scenario 1 (base case) : increased litter quantity and decreased litter quality
  • Scenario 2 : scenario 1 + higher litter N/C ratio
  • Scenario 3 : scenario 1 + increased root allocation
  • Scenario 4 : scenario 1 + increased N input
  • Scenario 5 : scenario 1 + decreased N/C ratio of new active SOM
  • Scenario 6 : scenario 5 + decreased N/C ratio of new slow SOM
  • Scenario 7 : scenario 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 + decreased slope of relation between maximum leaf potential photosynthetic electron transport rate and leaf N/C ratio
  • Model-data fusion techniques
  • Discussion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 9. Predicting the effect of climate change on global plant productivity and the carbon cycle / John Grace and Rui Zhang
  • Introduction
  • Definitions and conceptual framework
  • Empirical basis of our knowledge of carbon fluxes
  • NPP
  • NEP and NEE
  • GPP and NPP by remote sensing
  • Use of models to predict changes in plant growth and carbon fluxes at the large scale
  • Dependencies of fluxes on CO₂ light and nitrogen supply
  • Photosynthesis
  • Autotrophic respiration
  • Heterotrophic respiration
  • Ecosystem models
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Index.

Ejemplares similares