A (CERN) History of Accelerator Shielding

This paper provides an historical overview of accelerator shielding of accelerator shielding studies at CERN. CERN accelerators and the related shielding problems span 50 years of history and cover all major aspects which can be encountered in accelerator radiation protection. Namely: various accelerated particles (electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, heavy ions), a wide range of energies, from a few MeV/u of the present ion injector linac to the 7 TeV of the Large Hadron Collider now coming into operation, several types of primary and secondary beams (including pions, muons and neutrinos), beam intensities, and type of accelerators, from the 600 MeV synchrocyclotron of the mid-fifties to proton and ion linacs, synchrotrons providing extracted beams for fixed-target physics (the PS booster, the PS and the SPS), an electron-positron collider (LEP), proton-proton colliders (the ISR and the LHC) as well as a proton synchrotron converted into a collider (the SPS in the mid-eighties).