Longitudinal Emittance Measurements at REX-ISOLDE

The rms longitudinal emittance at output from the REX-ISOLDE RFQ was measured as 0.34 ± 0.08 π ns keV/u and at entry to the 7G3 as 0.36 ± 0.04 π ns keV/u using the three gradient technique; systematic errors are not included but are thought to be approximately 10%. The 86% emittance was measured a factor of approximately 4.4 times larger than the rms emittance at 1.48 ± 0.2 and 1.55 ± 0.12 π ns keV/u at the RFQ and 7G3, respectively. The REX-ISOLDE switchyard magnet was used as a spectrometer to analyse the energy spread as the beam was manipulated by changing the voltage of the ReB and 7G3 cavities operating at non-accelerating phases. The technique for measuring the energy spread was rigorously simulated and validated. A formalism was developed to accurately reconstruct the longitudinal beam parameters using a multi-gap constant-velocity bunching cavity when the voltage cannot be kept small. A silicon detector in its development phase was also exploited to measure the longitudinal beam properties. The measured longitudinal emittance is compatible with the acceptance of the HIE-ISOLDE superconducting linac upgrade.