Préparation à l'étude du plasma de quarks et de gluons dans ALICE : le détecteur V0 et les résonances de masses dans le spectromètre à muons

The ALICE experiment at LHC will study from 2010 the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), phase of the matter in which quarks and gluons are deconfined. The work presented here was done within the ALICE collaboration, for preparing the analysis of the incoming experimental data. Besides a theoretical approach of the QGP and of the chiral symmetry, we develop three experimental aspects: the V0 sub-detector, the study of the low mass mesons and the deconvolution. First, we detail the measures of luminosity and multiplicity that can be done with the V0. We then develop the study of the dimuons in the muon spectometer. We concentrate on the low masses mesons: the rho, the omega and the phi. Finally, we present a method for improving the spectrometer data: the Richardson-Lucy deconvolution.