Mesure de la section efficace de production des hadrons lourds avec le spectromètre à muons d'ALICE au LHC

Lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations predict a transition from the phase of hadronic matter to quark and gluon plasma for a temperature T ∼ 173 MeV and a vanishing baryonic potential. Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions allow to highlight this phase transition. Heavy flavours can be used to probe the first instants of the collisions where the temperature is the highest. The LHC will provide proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at unprecedented large energy (√s = 14 TeV and √sNN = 5.5 TeV respectively). The ALICE detector is dedicated to heavy ion collisions but it can also measure proton-proton collisions. The detector includes a muon spectrometer. The spectrometer has been disigned to measure heavy flavours. This PhD thesis presents the performance of the spectrometer to measure beauty hadrons (B) and charmed hadrons (D) inclusive production cross-section in proton-proton collisions. The first step of the measurement consists in extracting heavy hadron decayed muon distributions. The next step consists in extrapolating these distributions to heavy hadrons inclusive production cross-section. This PhD thesis also presents a preliminary study of the performance of the spectrometer for the measurement of the nuclear modification factor and the associated observable named RB=D in 0−10% central heavy ions collisions. Uncertainties and transverse impulsion range of extraction of the observables have been investigated.