Z+jets au LHC : calibration des jets et mesure de sections efficaces avec le détecteur ATLAS

The Higgs boson search as well as searches for new physics at the LHC require a very good understanding of Standard Model processes due to their similar experimental signatures. In addition, the ability to precisely measure the energies of reconstructed objects within the detectors is crucial in order to perform precision measurements and to improve the sensitivity to physics signals beyond the Standard Model. The results presented in this thesis address these two points by studying events containing one or several jets associated to a Z boson with the ATLAS detector. These events are used to improve the jet energy calibration in the low transverse momentum regime, which is important for analyses making use of jet counting or jet veto. The differential cross section for the production of such events is also measured as a function of several observables and compared to various theoretical predictions. These measurements will serve to improve the predictions used to model background contamination in Higgs analyses and searches for new phenomena.