Measurement of the Upsilon(NS) Cross Sections in pp Collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

1 HEAVY FLAVOR PHYSICS . . . . . . . . . . .1.1 The Standard Model of Particle Physics .1.2 Quantum Chromodynamics . . . . . . . .1.3 Quarkonium Production . . . . . . . . . .1.3.1 Quarkonium Production Models . .1.3.2 Non-Relativistic QCD Factorization1.3.3 Bottomonium Production . . . . .1.4 Bottomonium Measurements at Tevatron .1.4.1 Bottomonium Cross Sections . . . .1.4.2 Bottomonium Polarizations . . . .Zheng, Yu. Ph.D., Purdue University, December 2012. Measurement of the Upsilon(nS) Cross Sections in pp Collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV . Major Professor: IanP. Shipsey.The Υ(nS) production cross sections are measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.8 ± 1.4 pb−1 of proton-proton collisions√at s = 7 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Integrated overthe transverse momentum range pT < 50 GeV/c and rapidity range |y | < 2.4, andassuming unpolarized Υ(nS) production, the products of the Υ(nS) production crosssections and branching fractions are74σ (pp → Υ(1S)X ) · B (Υ(1S) → µ+ µ− ) = (8.55 ± 0.05+0..71 ± 0.34) nb ,−021σ (pp → Υ(2S)X ) · B (Υ(2S) → µ+ µ− ) = (2.21 ± 0.03+0..20 ± 0.09) nb ,−012σ (pp → Υ(3S)X ) · B (Υ(3S) → µ+ µ− ) = (1.11 ± 0.02+0..11 ± 0.04) nb ,−0