Determination of the proton structure and the strong coupling from inclusive jet cross sections at the LHC

This thesis presents the sensitivity study of PDFs and $\alpha_\mathrm{S}$ to the inclusive jet cross section at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV. The data corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the CMS detector in 2011. Next-to-leading order calculations have been compared to the measurement and found agreement within uncertainties. The PDF sensitivity has been studied using the HERAFitter framework. It was found that the inclusive jet cross section constrains the quark and gluon PDFs in the high-$x$ region and reduces the PDF uncertainties. Furthermore the strong coupling has been extracted using fixed global PDF sets.