Gaseous Detectors: Charged Particle Detectors - Particle Detectors and Detector Systems

Gaseous Detectors in 'Charged Particle Detectors - Particle Detectors and Detector Systems', part of 'Landolt-Börnstein - Group I Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms: Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, Volume 21B1: Detectors for Particles and Radiation. Part 1: Principles and Methods'. This document is part of Part 1 'Principles and Methods' of Subvolume B 'Detectors for Particles and Radiation' of Volume 21 'Elementary Particles' of Landolt-Börnstein - Group I 'Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms'. It contains the Subsection '3.1.2 Gaseous Detectors' of Section '3.1 Charged Particle Detectors' of Chapter '3 Particle Detectors and Detector Systems' with the content: 3.1.2 Gaseous Detectors 3.1.2.1 Introduction 3.1.2.2 Basic Processes 3.1.2.2.1 Gas ionization by charged particles 3.1.2.2.1.1 Primary clusters 3.1.2.2.1.2 Cluster size distribution 3.1.2.2.1.3 Total number of ion pairs 3.1.2.2.1.4 Dependence of energy deposit on particle velocity 3.1.2.2.2 Transport of Electrons and Ions 3.1.2.2.2.1 Drift velocities 3.1.2.2.2.2 Diffusion 3.1.2.2.2.3 Electron attachment 3.1.2.2.3 Avalanche amplification 3.1.2.2.3.1 Operation modes 3.1.2.2.3.2 Gas Gain 3.1.2.2.3.3 Dependence of amplification on various factors 3.1.2.2.3.4 Statistical Fluctuations of the Amplification 3.1.2.2.4 Signal formation 3.1.2.2.5 Limits to space resolution 3.1.2.2.6 Ageing of wire chambers 3.1.2.3 Detector Designs and Performance 3.1.2.3.1 Single Wire Proportional Tubes 3.1.2.3.2 Multiwire Proportional Chambers (MWPC) 3.1.2.3.3 Drift Chambers 3.1.2.3.4 Micopattern Devices 3.1.2.3.4.1 Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) 3.1.2.3.4.2 Micromegas 3.1.2.3.5 Parallel Plate Geometries 3.1.2.3.5.1 Parallel Plate counters (PPC) 3.1.2.3.5.2 Pestov Spark Counters 3.1.2.3.5.3 Spark Chambers 3.1.2.3.5.4 Flash Chambers 3.1.2.3.5.5 Resistive Plate Counters (RPC) 3.1.2.3.5.6 Streamer Chambers 3.1.2.3.6 Calibration with laser tracks 3.1.2.3.7 Liquid Ionization Chambers for Tracking 3.1.2.4 Conclusions