Detectors in Medicine and Biology: Applications of Detectors in Technology, Medicine and Other Fields

Detectors in Medicine and Biology in 'Applications of Detectors in Technology, Medicine and Other Fields', part of 'Landolt-Börnstein - Group I Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms: Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, Volume 21B2: Detectors for Particles and Radiation. Part 2: Systems and Applications'. This document is part of Part 2 'Principles and Methods' of Subvolume B 'Detectors for Particles and Radiation' of Volume 21 'Elementary Particles' of Landolt-Börnstein - Group I 'Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms'. It contains the Section '7.1 Detectors in Medicine and Biology' of Chapter '7 Applications of Detectors in Technology; Medicine and Other Fields' with the content: 7.1 Detectors in Medicine and Biology 7.1.1 Dosimetry and medical imaging 7.1.1.1 Radiotherapy and dosimetry 7.1.1.2 Status of medical imaging 7.1.1.3 Towards in-vivo molecular imaging 7.1.2 X-Ray radiography and computed tomography (CT) 7.1.2.1 Different X-Ray imaging modalities 7.1.2.2 Detection system 7.1.2.2.1 Scintillators for X-ray conversion 7.1.2.2.2 Photodetectors 7.1.2.3 Scanner geometry and operating conditions 7.1.2.3.1 Principle of Computed Tomography 7.1.2.3.2 Design of modern CT scanners 7.1.2.4 Future of X-Ray imaging 7.1.2.4.1 Indirect detector with phosphor screen 7.1.2.4.2 Direct conversion screen 7.1.2.4.3 Single photon counting devices 7.1.3 Single photon (SPECT) and Positron (PET) emission tomography 7.1.3.1 SPECT and PET working principle 7.1.3.1.1 SPECT 7.1.3.1.2 PET 7.1.3.2 Detector challenges for modern nuclear medicine 7.1.3.2.1 Improving sensitivity and specificity 7.1.3.2.2 Improving spatial resolution 7.1.3.2.3 Improving time resolution 7.1.3.3 Current and future technical approaches 7.1.3.3.1 Conversion materials 7.1.3.3.2 Photodetectors 7.1.3.3.3 Highly integrated low noise front-end electronics 7.1.3.3.4 Highly parallelized and intelligent Data Acquisition system (DAQ) 7.1.3.3.5 Simulation software 7.1.3.3.6 Image reconstruction algorithms 7.1.4 Multimodality 7.1.4.1 Need for a multimodal approach 7.1.4.2 Outlook: towards integrated morphologic and functional imaging