Dijet Invariant Mass Studies in the Higgs boson $H\rightarrow b\bar{b}$ resonance search in association with a $W/Z$ boson using the ATLAS detector

This thesis presents a search for the Standard Model Higgs boson decaying into $b\bar{b}$ pairs in association with a $W$ or $Z$ boson using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The analysis uses the full dataset recorded during $pp$ collisions at the LHC in Run-1, corresponding to 4.7 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV and 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV. A multivariate technique and a kinematic cut-based approach have been used to maximize the signal over background ratio, where a particular emphasis on the latter approach is made in this thesis. Final state radiation and reconstruction effects may decrease the $b\bar{b}$ resonance resolution significantly, while comparably decreasing the probability of observing the decay over the background. The $b$-quark pairs from the Higgs boson are reconstructed as topological clusters formed to jets in the ATLAS calorimeter. Thus, the reconstruction and calibration of these jets are crucial for the final Higgs mass resolution and paramount for the search and for future precision measurements of $VH$, $H\rightarrow b\bar{b}$ production. This thesis presents the development and evaluation of advanced techniques to improve the invariant dijet mass reconstruction of the $H\rightarrow b\bar{b}$ candidate. Sequential jet calibrations, semileptonic corrections and $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ corrections to account for the interplay between jet resolution/scale and the underlying signal $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ spectrum obtained from Monte Carlo simulations have been studied. A major focus has been made on the development and evaluation of an event-level kinematic likelihood fitting framework to exploit the full kinematic potential of $VH$ topologies within the detector uncertainties of the reconstructed final state signatures in order to improve the measurement of the $b$-tagged jet kinematics. The jet energy calibrations of the $H\rightarrow b\bar{b}$ signal candidates yield an overall improvement of the dijet invariant mass resolution of up to $\sim$ 30%, and of the expected statistical significance of $\sim$ 12%. The analysis procedure is validated using the resonant $VZ(b\bar{b})$ production in the same final states as for the Higgs boson search, and is observed, compatible with the Standard Model expectation, with a significance of 4.9 standard deviations and a signal strength of $\hat{\mu}_{VZ}$ = 0.74$^{+ 0.17}_{- 0.16}$. For a Higgs boson mass of 125.36 GeV, the observed (expected) deviation from the background-only hypothesis is found with a significance of 1.4~(2.6) standard deviations and a signal strength is determined to be $\hat{\mu}_{VH}$ = 0.52 $\pm$ 0.32(stat.) $\pm$ 0.24(syst.).