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The Large Hadron Collider

This chapter discusses the design principles of the LHC, which gives access to the TeV energy scale for the first time. To achieve this, a number of technological innovations have been necessary. Two counter-rotating proton beams are guided and focused by superconducting magnets with a two-in-one st...

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Autor principal: Evans, Lyndon
Lenguaje:eng
Publicado: 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198727965.003.0001
http://cds.cern.ch/record/2103617
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author Evans, Lyndon
author_facet Evans, Lyndon
author_sort Evans, Lyndon
collection CERN
description This chapter discusses the design principles of the LHC, which gives access to the TeV energy scale for the first time. To achieve this, a number of technological innovations have been necessary. Two counter-rotating proton beams are guided and focused by superconducting magnets with a two-in-one structure allowing the machine to be installed in an existing tunnel. The very high field (>8 T) in the dipoles can only be achieved by cooling them below the superfluid transition temperature of liquid helium. More than 80 tons of superfluid helium is needed to cool the machine. In its first year of operation, the LHC has behaved very reliably and predictably. Single-bunch currents 30% above the design value have already been achieved, and the luminosity has increased by five orders of magnitude in the first 200 days of operation. Some of the results of commissioning and first operation are also discussed.
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institution Organización Europea para la Investigación Nuclear
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spelling cern-21036172019-09-30T06:29:59Zdoi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198727965.003.0001http://cds.cern.ch/record/2103617engEvans, LyndonThe Large Hadron ColliderAccelerators and Storage RingsThis chapter discusses the design principles of the LHC, which gives access to the TeV energy scale for the first time. To achieve this, a number of technological innovations have been necessary. Two counter-rotating proton beams are guided and focused by superconducting magnets with a two-in-one structure allowing the machine to be installed in an existing tunnel. The very high field (>8 T) in the dipoles can only be achieved by cooling them below the superfluid transition temperature of liquid helium. More than 80 tons of superfluid helium is needed to cool the machine. In its first year of operation, the LHC has behaved very reliably and predictably. Single-bunch currents 30% above the design value have already been achieved, and the luminosity has increased by five orders of magnitude in the first 200 days of operation. Some of the results of commissioning and first operation are also discussed.oai:cds.cern.ch:21036172015
spellingShingle Accelerators and Storage Rings
Evans, Lyndon
The Large Hadron Collider
title The Large Hadron Collider
title_full The Large Hadron Collider
title_fullStr The Large Hadron Collider
title_full_unstemmed The Large Hadron Collider
title_short The Large Hadron Collider
title_sort large hadron collider
topic Accelerators and Storage Rings
url https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198727965.003.0001
http://cds.cern.ch/record/2103617
work_keys_str_mv AT evanslyndon thelargehadroncollider
AT evanslyndon largehadroncollider