Searches for New Physics with Boosted Objects and Substructure with the ATLAS Detector

The use of substructure in the ATLAS experiment has matured during the Run 1 analysis period into the most powerful new tool for understanding high-pT physics at the LHC. In this document we present the studies that have been instrumental in reaching that maturity for boosted hadronic W/Z, Higgs and top tagging. We also summarize the results from Run 1 and Run 2 searches for new physics using substructure, thus demonstrating the power of these new techniques.