Design of CMOS analog integrated fractional-order circuits: applications in medicine and biology

This book describes the design and realization of analog fractional-order circuits, which are suitable for on-chip implementation, capable of low-voltage operation and electronic adjustment of their characteristics. The authors provide a brief introduction to fractional-order calculus, followed by design issues for fractional-order circuits of various orders and types. The benefits of this approach are demonstrated with current-mode and voltage-mode filter designs. Electronically tunable emulators of fractional-order capacitors and inductors are presented, where the behavior of the corresponding chips fabricated using the AMS 0.35um CMOS process has been experimentally verified. Applications of fractional-order circuits are demonstrated, including a pre-processing stage suitable for the implementation of the Pan-Tompkins algorithm for detecting the QRS complexes of an electrocardiogram (ECG), a fully tunable implementation of the Cole-Cole model used for the modeling of biological tissues, and a simple, non-impedance based measuring technique for super-capacitors. Discusses systematic design methods for deriving fractional–order circuits, including filters of arbitrary type and order, as well as tunable emulators of fractional-order capacitors and inductors; Demonstrates fractional-order circuits (e.g. filters and component emulators) which are suitable for implementation in silicon, with electronic adjustable characteristics and, also, experimental verification of their behavior; Describes applications of fractional-order fully integrated circuits in biology and medicine through practical design examples.