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First Measurements of Beam Backgrounds at SuperKEKB

The high design luminosity of the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider is expected to result in challenging levels of beam-induced backgrounds in the interaction region. Properly simulating and mitigating these backgrounds is critical to the success of the Belle~II experiment. We report on measureme...

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Autores principales: Vahsen, S.E., Lewis, P.M., Jaegle, I., Nakayama, H., Aloisio, A., Ameli, F., Barrett, M., Beaulieu, A., Bosisio, L., Branchini, P., Browder, T.E., Budano, A., Cautero, G., Cecchi, C., Chen, Y.-T., Chu, K.-N., Cinabro, D., Cristaudo, P., de Jong, S., de Sangro, R., Finocchiaro, G., Flanagan, J., Funakoshi, Y., Gabriel, M., Giordano, R., Giuressi, D., Hedges, M. T., Honkanen, N., Ikeda, H., Ishibashi, T., Kaji, H., Kanazawa, K., Kiesling, C., Koirala, S., Križan, P., La Licata, C., Lanceri, L., Liau, J.-J., Lin, F.-H., Lin, J.-C., Liptak, Z., Longo, S., Manoni, E., Marinas, C., Miyabayashi, K., Mulyani, E., Morita, A., Nakao, M., Nayak, M., Ohnishi, Y., Passeri, A., Poffenberger, P., Ritzert, M., Roney, J M., Rossi, A., Röder, T., Seddon, R.M., Seong, I.S., Shiu, J.-G., Simon, F., Soloviev, Y., Suetsugu, Y., Szalay, M., Terui, S., Tortone, G., van der Kolk, N., Vitale, L., Wang, M.Z., Windel, H., Yokoyama, S.
Formato: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Lenguaje:eng
Publicado: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:http://cds.cern.ch/record/2320761
_version_ 1780958489163595776
author Vahsen, S.E.
Lewis, P.M.
Jaegle, I.
Nakayama, H.
Aloisio, A.
Ameli, F.
Barrett, M.
Beaulieu, A.
Bosisio, L.
Branchini, P.
Browder, T.E.
Budano, A.
Cautero, G.
Cecchi, C.
Chen, Y.-T.
Chu, K.-N.
Cinabro, D.
Cristaudo, P.
de Jong, S.
de Sangro, R.
Finocchiaro, G.
Flanagan, J.
Funakoshi, Y.
Gabriel, M.
Giordano, R.
Giuressi, D.
Hedges, M. T.
Honkanen, N.
Ikeda, H.
Ishibashi, T.
Kaji, H.
Kanazawa, K.
Kiesling, C.
Koirala, S.
Križan, P.
La Licata, C.
Lanceri, L.
Liau, J.-J.
Lin, F.-H.
Lin, J.-C.
Liptak, Z.
Longo, S.
Manoni, E.
Marinas, C.
Miyabayashi, K.
Mulyani, E.
Morita, A.
Nakao, M.
Nayak, M.
Ohnishi, Y.
Passeri, A.
Poffenberger, P.
Ritzert, M.
Roney, J M.
Rossi, A.
Röder, T.
Seddon, R.M.
Seong, I.S.
Shiu, J.-G.
Simon, F.
Soloviev, Y.
Suetsugu, Y.
Szalay, M.
Terui, S.
Tortone, G.
van der Kolk, N.
Vitale, L.
Wang, M.Z.
Windel, H.
Yokoyama, S.
author_facet Vahsen, S.E.
Lewis, P.M.
Jaegle, I.
Nakayama, H.
Aloisio, A.
Ameli, F.
Barrett, M.
Beaulieu, A.
Bosisio, L.
Branchini, P.
Browder, T.E.
Budano, A.
Cautero, G.
Cecchi, C.
Chen, Y.-T.
Chu, K.-N.
Cinabro, D.
Cristaudo, P.
de Jong, S.
de Sangro, R.
Finocchiaro, G.
Flanagan, J.
Funakoshi, Y.
Gabriel, M.
Giordano, R.
Giuressi, D.
Hedges, M. T.
Honkanen, N.
Ikeda, H.
Ishibashi, T.
Kaji, H.
Kanazawa, K.
Kiesling, C.
Koirala, S.
Križan, P.
La Licata, C.
Lanceri, L.
Liau, J.-J.
Lin, F.-H.
Lin, J.-C.
Liptak, Z.
Longo, S.
Manoni, E.
Marinas, C.
Miyabayashi, K.
Mulyani, E.
Morita, A.
Nakao, M.
Nayak, M.
Ohnishi, Y.
Passeri, A.
Poffenberger, P.
Ritzert, M.
Roney, J M.
Rossi, A.
Röder, T.
Seddon, R.M.
Seong, I.S.
Shiu, J.-G.
Simon, F.
Soloviev, Y.
Suetsugu, Y.
Szalay, M.
Terui, S.
Tortone, G.
van der Kolk, N.
Vitale, L.
Wang, M.Z.
Windel, H.
Yokoyama, S.
author_sort Vahsen, S.E.
collection CERN
description The high design luminosity of the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider is expected to result in challenging levels of beam-induced backgrounds in the interaction region. Properly simulating and mitigating these backgrounds is critical to the success of the Belle~II experiment. We report on measurements performed with a suite of dedicated beam background detectors, collectively known as BEAST II, during the so-called Phase 1 commissioning run of SuperKEKB in 2016, which involved operation of both the high energy ring (HER) of 7 GeV electrons as well as the low energy ring (LER) of 4 GeV positrons. We describe the BEAST II detector systems, the simulation of beam backgrounds, and the measurements performed. The measurements include standard ones of dose rates versus accelerator conditions, and more novel investigations, such as bunch-by-bunch measurements of injection backgrounds and measurements sensitive to the energy spectrum and angular distribution of fast neutrons. We observe beam-gas, Touschek, beam-dust, and injection backgrounds. We do not observe significant synchrotron radiation, as expected. Measured LER beam-gas backgrounds and Touschek backgrounds in both rings are slightly elevated, on average three times larger than the levels predicted by simulation. HER beam-gas backgrounds are on on average two orders of magnitude larger than predicted. Systematic uncertainties and channel-to-channel variations are large, so that these excesses constitute only 1-2 sigma level effects. Neutron background rates are higher than predicted and should be studied further. We will measure the remaining beam background processes, due to colliding beams, in the imminent commissioning Phase 2. These backgrounds are expected to be the most critical for Belle II, to the point of necessitating replacement of detector components during the Phase 3 (full-luminosity) operation of SuperKEB.
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publisher Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A
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spelling cern-23207612019-09-30T06:29:59Z http://cds.cern.ch/record/2320761 eng Vahsen, S.E. Lewis, P.M. Jaegle, I. Nakayama, H. Aloisio, A. Ameli, F. Barrett, M. Beaulieu, A. Bosisio, L. Branchini, P. Browder, T.E. Budano, A. Cautero, G. Cecchi, C. Chen, Y.-T. Chu, K.-N. Cinabro, D. Cristaudo, P. de Jong, S. de Sangro, R. Finocchiaro, G. Flanagan, J. Funakoshi, Y. Gabriel, M. Giordano, R. Giuressi, D. Hedges, M. T. Honkanen, N. Ikeda, H. Ishibashi, T. Kaji, H. Kanazawa, K. Kiesling, C. Koirala, S. Križan, P. La Licata, C. Lanceri, L. Liau, J.-J. Lin, F.-H. Lin, J.-C. Liptak, Z. Longo, S. Manoni, E. Marinas, C. Miyabayashi, K. Mulyani, E. Morita, A. Nakao, M. Nayak, M. Ohnishi, Y. Passeri, A. Poffenberger, P. Ritzert, M. Roney, J M. Rossi, A. Röder, T. Seddon, R.M. Seong, I.S. Shiu, J.-G. Simon, F. Soloviev, Y. Suetsugu, Y. Szalay, M. Terui, S. Tortone, G. van der Kolk, N. Vitale, L. Wang, M.Z. Windel, H. Yokoyama, S. First Measurements of Beam Backgrounds at SuperKEKB Detectors and Experimental Techniques 14: Infrastructure for advanced calorimeters The high design luminosity of the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider is expected to result in challenging levels of beam-induced backgrounds in the interaction region. Properly simulating and mitigating these backgrounds is critical to the success of the Belle~II experiment. We report on measurements performed with a suite of dedicated beam background detectors, collectively known as BEAST II, during the so-called Phase 1 commissioning run of SuperKEKB in 2016, which involved operation of both the high energy ring (HER) of 7 GeV electrons as well as the low energy ring (LER) of 4 GeV positrons. We describe the BEAST II detector systems, the simulation of beam backgrounds, and the measurements performed. The measurements include standard ones of dose rates versus accelerator conditions, and more novel investigations, such as bunch-by-bunch measurements of injection backgrounds and measurements sensitive to the energy spectrum and angular distribution of fast neutrons. We observe beam-gas, Touschek, beam-dust, and injection backgrounds. We do not observe significant synchrotron radiation, as expected. Measured LER beam-gas backgrounds and Touschek backgrounds in both rings are slightly elevated, on average three times larger than the levels predicted by simulation. HER beam-gas backgrounds are on on average two orders of magnitude larger than predicted. Systematic uncertainties and channel-to-channel variations are large, so that these excesses constitute only 1-2 sigma level effects. Neutron background rates are higher than predicted and should be studied further. We will measure the remaining beam background processes, due to colliding beams, in the imminent commissioning Phase 2. These backgrounds are expected to be the most critical for Belle II, to the point of necessitating replacement of detector components during the Phase 3 (full-luminosity) operation of SuperKEB. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/654168 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Education Level info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://cds.cern.ch/record/2320761 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A, () pp. 2018
spellingShingle Detectors and Experimental Techniques
14: Infrastructure for advanced calorimeters
Vahsen, S.E.
Lewis, P.M.
Jaegle, I.
Nakayama, H.
Aloisio, A.
Ameli, F.
Barrett, M.
Beaulieu, A.
Bosisio, L.
Branchini, P.
Browder, T.E.
Budano, A.
Cautero, G.
Cecchi, C.
Chen, Y.-T.
Chu, K.-N.
Cinabro, D.
Cristaudo, P.
de Jong, S.
de Sangro, R.
Finocchiaro, G.
Flanagan, J.
Funakoshi, Y.
Gabriel, M.
Giordano, R.
Giuressi, D.
Hedges, M. T.
Honkanen, N.
Ikeda, H.
Ishibashi, T.
Kaji, H.
Kanazawa, K.
Kiesling, C.
Koirala, S.
Križan, P.
La Licata, C.
Lanceri, L.
Liau, J.-J.
Lin, F.-H.
Lin, J.-C.
Liptak, Z.
Longo, S.
Manoni, E.
Marinas, C.
Miyabayashi, K.
Mulyani, E.
Morita, A.
Nakao, M.
Nayak, M.
Ohnishi, Y.
Passeri, A.
Poffenberger, P.
Ritzert, M.
Roney, J M.
Rossi, A.
Röder, T.
Seddon, R.M.
Seong, I.S.
Shiu, J.-G.
Simon, F.
Soloviev, Y.
Suetsugu, Y.
Szalay, M.
Terui, S.
Tortone, G.
van der Kolk, N.
Vitale, L.
Wang, M.Z.
Windel, H.
Yokoyama, S.
First Measurements of Beam Backgrounds at SuperKEKB
title First Measurements of Beam Backgrounds at SuperKEKB
title_full First Measurements of Beam Backgrounds at SuperKEKB
title_fullStr First Measurements of Beam Backgrounds at SuperKEKB
title_full_unstemmed First Measurements of Beam Backgrounds at SuperKEKB
title_short First Measurements of Beam Backgrounds at SuperKEKB
title_sort first measurements of beam backgrounds at superkekb
topic Detectors and Experimental Techniques
14: Infrastructure for advanced calorimeters
url http://cds.cern.ch/record/2320761
http://cds.cern.ch/record/2320761
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