Measurement of D-meson nuclear modification factor and flow in Pb--Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC

Heavy quarks are sensitive probes of the colour-deconfined medium formed in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). The ALICE Collaboration measured the production of ${\rm D}^{0}$, ${\rm D}^{+}$, ${\rm D}^{*+}$ and ${\rm D_s}^{+}$ mesons in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02~{\rm TeV}$. The properties of the in-medium energy loss and the possible modification of the charm-quark hadronisation mechanism are investigated via the measurement of the nuclear modification factor ($R_{\rm AA}$) of non-strange and strange D mesons. In mid-central collisions, the measurement of the D-meson elliptic flow ($v_2$) at low and intermediate transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) gives insight into the participation of the charm quark in the collective motion of the system, while at high $p_{\rm T}$ it constrains the path-length dependence of the energy loss. The coupling of the charm quark to the light quarks in the underlying medium is further investigated with the application of the event-shape engineering (ESE) technique to D-meson elliptic flow. Finally, the role of the early magnetic field created in heavy-ion collisions is studied via the first measurement at the LHC energies of the charged-dependent directed flow ($v_1$) of ${\rm D}^{0}$ mesons as a function of pseudorapidity.