FLUKA simulations of the operational injection losses in TI8/IR8

This document describes the FLUKA studies of SPS-to-LHC injection losses. The TI8/IR8 model has been developed especially to understand and predict the effect of the proton impacts on the passive protection system of the SPS-to-LHC transfer line of beam 2. It provides a powerful tool for designing new loss mitigation solutions. The Run-2 commissioning data was instrumental in carry- ing out a benchmark study and building confidence into the model. The absolute comparison with experimental measurements, including a quench event, provides a better physical understanding of beam loss effects. The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade requires substantial changes in the full chain of the LHC injectors. In accordance with LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project, a new transfer line protection system has been designed to attenuate HL-LHC beam to safe levels in case of mis-injection. The TI8 model was used to simulate loss effects in the new layout and to design a dedicated shielding system for the LHC-BLMs.