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QCD thermalization: Ab initio approaches and interdisciplinary connections
Heavy-ion collisions at BNL’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN’s Large Hadron Collider provide strong evidence for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma, with temperatures extracted from relativistic viscous hydrodynamic simulations shown to be well above the transition temperature from hadr...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Lenguaje: | eng |
Publicado: |
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://dx.doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.93.035003 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2723989 |
_version_ | 1780965962076389376 |
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author | Berges, Jürgen Heller, Michal P. Mazeliauskas, Aleksas Venugopalan, Raju |
author_facet | Berges, Jürgen Heller, Michal P. Mazeliauskas, Aleksas Venugopalan, Raju |
author_sort | Berges, Jürgen |
collection | CERN |
description | Heavy-ion collisions at BNL’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN’s Large Hadron Collider provide strong evidence for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma, with temperatures extracted from relativistic viscous hydrodynamic simulations shown to be well above the transition temperature from hadron matter. Outstanding problems in QCD include how the strongly correlated quark-gluon matter forms in a heavy-ion collision, its properties off equilibrium, and the thermalization process in the plasma. The theoretical progress in this field in weak-coupling QCD effective field theories and in strong-coupling holographic approaches based on gauge-gravity duality is reviewed. The interdisciplinary connections of different stages of the thermalization process to nonequilibrium dynamics in other systems across energy scales ranging from inflationary cosmology to strong-field QED to ultracold atomic gases are outlined, with emphasis placed on the universal dynamics of nonthermal and hydrodynamic attractors. Measurements in heavy-ion collisions are surveyed that are sensitive to the early nonequilibrium stages of the collision and the potential for future measurements is discussed. The current state of the art in thermalization studies is summarized and promising avenues for further progress are identified. |
id | cern-2723989 |
institution | Organización Europea para la Investigación Nuclear |
language | eng |
publishDate | 2020 |
record_format | invenio |
spelling | cern-27239892023-10-09T05:03:39Zdoi:10.1103/RevModPhys.93.035003http://cds.cern.ch/record/2723989engBerges, JürgenHeller, Michal P.Mazeliauskas, AleksasVenugopalan, RajuQCD thermalization: Ab initio approaches and interdisciplinary connectionsquant-phGeneral Theoretical Physicsnucl-thNuclear Physics - Theoryhep-phParticle Physics - Phenomenologycond-mat.quant-gashep-thParticle Physics - TheoryHeavy-ion collisions at BNL’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN’s Large Hadron Collider provide strong evidence for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma, with temperatures extracted from relativistic viscous hydrodynamic simulations shown to be well above the transition temperature from hadron matter. Outstanding problems in QCD include how the strongly correlated quark-gluon matter forms in a heavy-ion collision, its properties off equilibrium, and the thermalization process in the plasma. The theoretical progress in this field in weak-coupling QCD effective field theories and in strong-coupling holographic approaches based on gauge-gravity duality is reviewed. The interdisciplinary connections of different stages of the thermalization process to nonequilibrium dynamics in other systems across energy scales ranging from inflationary cosmology to strong-field QED to ultracold atomic gases are outlined, with emphasis placed on the universal dynamics of nonthermal and hydrodynamic attractors. Measurements in heavy-ion collisions are surveyed that are sensitive to the early nonequilibrium stages of the collision and the potential for future measurements is discussed. The current state of the art in thermalization studies is summarized and promising avenues for further progress are identified.Heavy-ion collisions at BNL's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN's Large Hadron Collider provide strong evidence for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma, with temperatures extracted from relativistic viscous hydrodynamic simulations shown to be well above the transition temperature from hadron matter. How the strongly correlated quark-gluon matter forms in a heavy-ion collision, its properties off-equilibrium, and the thermalization process in the plasma, are outstanding problems in QCD. We review here the theoretical progress in this field in weak coupling QCD effective field theories and in strong coupling holographic approaches based on gauge-gravity duality. We outline the interdisciplinary connections of different stages of the thermalization process to non-equilibrium dynamics in other systems across energy scales ranging from inflationary cosmology, to strong field QED, to ultracold atomic gases, with emphasis on the universal dynamics of non-thermal and of hydrodynamic attractors. We survey measurements in heavy-ion collisions that are sensitive to the early non-equilibrium stages of the collision and discuss the potential for future measurements. We summarize the current state-of-the art in thermalization studies and identify promising avenues for further progress.arXiv:2005.12299CERN-TH-2020-080oai:cds.cern.ch:27239892020-05-25 |
spellingShingle | quant-ph General Theoretical Physics nucl-th Nuclear Physics - Theory hep-ph Particle Physics - Phenomenology cond-mat.quant-gas hep-th Particle Physics - Theory Berges, Jürgen Heller, Michal P. Mazeliauskas, Aleksas Venugopalan, Raju QCD thermalization: Ab initio approaches and interdisciplinary connections |
title | QCD thermalization: Ab initio approaches and interdisciplinary connections |
title_full | QCD thermalization: Ab initio approaches and interdisciplinary connections |
title_fullStr | QCD thermalization: Ab initio approaches and interdisciplinary connections |
title_full_unstemmed | QCD thermalization: Ab initio approaches and interdisciplinary connections |
title_short | QCD thermalization: Ab initio approaches and interdisciplinary connections |
title_sort | qcd thermalization: ab initio approaches and interdisciplinary connections |
topic | quant-ph General Theoretical Physics nucl-th Nuclear Physics - Theory hep-ph Particle Physics - Phenomenology cond-mat.quant-gas hep-th Particle Physics - Theory |
url | https://dx.doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.93.035003 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2723989 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT bergesjurgen qcdthermalizationabinitioapproachesandinterdisciplinaryconnections AT hellermichalp qcdthermalizationabinitioapproachesandinterdisciplinaryconnections AT mazeliauskasaleksas qcdthermalizationabinitioapproachesandinterdisciplinaryconnections AT venugopalanraju qcdthermalizationabinitioapproachesandinterdisciplinaryconnections |