SUMMER STUDENT REPORT "Physical and biological effectiveness studies on protons and heavy ions for use in FLASH radiotherapy"

In radiation therapy field FLASH effect is of high interest, as it could lead to better treatment outcomes with decreased NTCP for the TCP levels. When considering FLASH treatment for proton and hadron therapy design considerations for synchrotron should be made - one of the main aspects being maximum number of particles in a single spill. Particle number should be high enough to allow delivery of a treatment field in a single spill. Going further on this, the aims of my summer student project were: *identify impact treatment parameters on the necessary number of particles to achieve a desired dose distribution; *estimate the effectiveness of various particle types for treatment based on the dose distribution parameters like entrance dose and fragmentation tail dose distal to Bragg peak; *perform a literature review on ion biological effectiveness and estimate the biological effectiveness of various ion species and the biological parameter impact on the necessary number of particles for particular dose.