Charged and CP-violating kink solutions in the two-Higgs-doublet model

Minimal extensions of the Standard Model (SM), such as the so-called two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM), can possess several accidental discrete symmetries whose spontaneous breakdown in the early Universe usually lead to the formation of domain walls. We extend an earlier work [R. A. Battye , J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2021) 105.] on this topic by studying in more detail the analytic properties of electrically charged and <math display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-violating kink solutions in the <math display="inline"><msub><mi>Z</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math>-symmetric 2HDM. We derive the complete set of equations of motion that describe the 1D spatial profile of both the 2HDM vacuum parameters and the would-be Goldstone bosons <math display="inline"><msup><mi>G</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math> of the SM. These equations are then solved numerically using the gradient flow technique, and the results of our analysis are presented in different parametrizations of the Higgs doublets. In particular, we show analytically how an electrically charged profile should arise in 1D kink solutions when asymmetric boundary conditions are imposed on the Goldstone mode <math display="inline"><msup><mi>G</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math> at spatial infinities, i.e. as <math display="inline"><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mo>±</mo><mi>∞</mi></math>. If asymmetric boundary conditions are selected at <math display="inline"><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mo>±</mo><mi>∞</mi></math> for the Goldstone mode <math display="inline"><msup><mi>G</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math> or the longitudinal mode <math display="inline"><mi>θ</mi></math> corresponding to a would-be massive photon, the derived kink solutions are then shown to exhibit <math display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation. Possible cosmological implications of the electrically charged and <math display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-violating domain walls in the 2HDM are discussed.