Rare top quark production in CMS

Latest results from the CMS experiment at the LHC on top quark production in association with a Z boson or a photon, or the production of four top quarks, are summarized. Proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 138\,fb$^{-1}$, collected at 13 TeV center-of-mass energy are used. Among the measured results, most precise inclusive cross sections, most stringent limits on models beyond the standard model and first differential measurements are presented. Overall, good agreement with standard model predictions is observed.