Trans-Industry Time Synchronization for a Smart Society

Distribution of accurate synchronization has been a fundamental prerequisite for the correct operation of telecommunications networks for a long time. The recent evolution of mobile networks (e.g., 5G) has further increased the need for the distribution of accurate and reliable time synchronization, due to wider use of time-division duplex (TDD) techniques and the support of critical infrastructure. The need for time synchronization is increasing in several industries other than telecommunications, as they are building the infrastructure for a smart society. Machine type communications (industrial automation, smart grids, automotive), data centers, network analytics, and finance are some key examples. Accurate location is another key application that often relies on the distribution of accurate timing. Many of these applications require traceability to an official realization of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The new concept of “time as a service” has been introduced as a method of providing time with some level of guarantees. Evolution of the existing time synchronization techniques, as well as the definition of new solutions, is expected to continue to support existing and future needs of all these industries. Definition of new application areas that can benefit from the availability of accurate and reliable time distribution can be anticipated. This Special Issue of IEEE Communications Magazine provides particularly interesting examples of emerging time synchronization needs across the industry for a smart society, including some examples of how the synchronization methods are evolving to meet the new requirements.