Major LS2 upgrades to the LHC injectors in four languages

Explanation of the different LHC accelerator beam injectors during the LHC LS2 (Long Shutdown 2) upgrade. The PSB (Proton Synchrotron Booster) is made up of four superimposed synchrotron rings which send the bare protons to the PS (Proton Synchrotron). The PS beam then feeds the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) where the protons are accelerated to a higher level. This beam is then sent to the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) where it is further accelerated and prepared for collisions in the four different main detectors of the LHC. Linac 3 (Linear Accelerator 3) creates the heavy ions for fixed target experiments. Linac 4 (linear accelerator 4) supplies the PSB with beam.