Precision measurements of $W$ detected at CMS

<!--HTML-->Particle Physics is a well-established field using its settled methods of data analysis and interpretation, along with techniques of detector calibration.<br>At the dawn of the era of the Higgs boson discovery, with no clear sign of new Physics manifesting at the energy range covered by the Large Hadron Collider, the quest for significant deviations of the measured parameters of the Standard Model from their prediction is a mandatory plan.<br>Produced copiously in the CMS and ATLAS experiments, the $W$ bosons provide a unique opportunity to set stringent limits to the Standard Model. The aim of the work described in this thesis has been to present a paradigm shift, introducing a change in the traditional conception of the $W$ precision measurements.<br>A totally new method has been devised to obtain a precise assessment of the $W$ rapidity, transverse momentum and polarisation exploiting uniquely and exclusively the correlation between the transverse momentum and the pseudorapidity of muons emitted in $W$ semileptonic decays. This result gives the opportunity to perform a measurement of the $W$ mass, the holy grail of the precision measurements at the electroweak scale, without making any assumption on the $W$ production encoded in simulations. This thesis contains a set of innovative measurements of $W$ unpolarised cross section and angular coefficients and an assessment of the final uncertainty on the $W$ mass using data collected by the CMS experiment in 2016.<br>The dominant experimental systematic in the measurement of the $W$ mass is the knowledge of the muon momentum scale, of which a high precision calibration is presented in this thesis. Finally, an entire chapter of this thesis is devoted to the description of the implementation of the innovative computing tools that have been devised in order to cope with the unprecedented complexity of the analysis under study.