Impact of Power Supply Ripple on the Beam Performance of the Large Hadron Collider and the High-Luminosity LHC

Harmonics of the mains frequency (50 Hz) have been systematically observed in the form of dipolar excitations in the transverse beam spectrum of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) since the beginning of its operation. The power supply ripple, consisting of both fundamental and higher frequency components, is proven not to be the result of an artifact of the instrumentation systems with which they are observed. Potential sources of the perturbation have been identified through systematic analysis and experimental studies. Single-particle tracking simulations have been performed including a realistic power supply ripple spectrum, as acquired from experimental observations, to demonstrate the impact of such noise effects on beam performance.