Cryogenics in high-energy physics laboratories

The course will present applications of cryogenics in HEP laboratories. It aims at showing a bit of the physics background (thermodynamics) of cryogenics and cryogenic tasks. It will be structured as follows: - Idealgas cryogenics (thermodynamic principles; cryoplants as entropy pumps) - Helium-I cryogenics (use of liquid helium above the Lambda point) - Superfluid cryogenics (superconductivity; superfluidity of $^{4}He$ and $^{3}He$) - Cryogenic engineering in particle phsics laboratories (including dekakelvin cryogenics: cryopumping purification, "calorimeters" for particle physics, etc.) - Millikelvin cryogenics (dilaution refrigerators, magnetic refrigeration, polarised targets).