Beam Dynamics at LEP

LEP has proved to be one of the most flexible e+e- colliders built to date. It has operated at various energies, in several modes, with ever increasing demands for luminosity in clean and precisely known beam conditions. Together with some unique features, LEP therefore has much in common with future e+e- factories. Beam-dynamical phenomena have been among the crucial determinants of LEP's performance. These include single-particle dynamics (optics design, dynamic aperture, radiation effects, etc.), a variety of beam-beam effects and collective instabilities. The strategies adopted to overcome these effects and maximise performance will be described with emphasis on those relevant to the design and operation of e+e- factories.