Application of Magnetic Markers for Precise Measurement of Magnetic Fields in Ramped Accelerators

For precise measurements of the magnetic field in ramped machines, different magnetic markers are in use. The best known are peaking strips, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) probes and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) probes. Their operational principles and limitations are explained and some examples of recent and new applications are given. A fuller theoretical description is given of the lesser-known Ferrimagnetic Resonance (FMR) probe and its practical application. The essential purpose of these magnetic markers is the in situ calibration of either on-line magnetic field measurements (e.g. via a magnetic pick-up coil) or field predictions (e.g. using a magnet model).