Low level RF systems for synchrotrons Part 1: Low intensity case

The low level RF system generates the drive sent to the high power equipment. It uses signals from the main bending magnet (B field) and from beam pick-ups (radial and longitudinal positions). It must minimise the beam losses and provide a beam with reproducible parameters (intensity, bunch length, average momentum and momentum spread) to either the next accelerator or the physicists. This presentation is the first of two parts: It considers the low intensity case where the voltage in the RF cavity is not influenced by the beam. The feedback loops that do not include the beam (accelerating field amplitude and cavity tuning) will not be presented.