Vacuum phototriodes for the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter endcap

The measurement of scintillation light from the lead tungstate crystals of the CMS ECAL poses a substantial technical challenge, particularly in the endcap regions, where the radiation levels are highest. The photodetectors must be fast, sensitive, radiation-hard, and operate with significant intern...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Bell, K W, Brown, R M, Cockerill, D J A, Flower, P S, Hobson, P R, Kennedy, B W, Lintern, A L, Selby, C S, Sharif, O, Sproston, M, Williams, J H
Lenguaje:eng
Publicado: 2004
Materias:
Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Acceso en línea:https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2004.836053
http://cds.cern.ch/record/818314
Descripción
Sumario:The measurement of scintillation light from the lead tungstate crystals of the CMS ECAL poses a substantial technical challenge, particularly in the endcap regions, where the radiation levels are highest. The photodetectors must be fast, sensitive, radiation-hard, and operate with significant internal gain in a magnetic field of 4 Tesla. The measured performance characteristics of the first batches of series production vacuum phototriodes (VPT), developed to satisfy the needs of CMS, will be described. (3 refs).

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