Phase space cooling

Cooling in particle beams is described as a process where oscillatory amplitude, beam cross section and breadth of the energy distribution curve are reduced by the subtraction of energy, for example by synchrotron radiation or by means of a spatially coincident energy absorbing beam. Models are drawn, energy distribution in an anti- proton beam is shown experimentally and the competition between energy gain from adjacent particles, at a rate proportional to amplification to the fourth power, and cooling at a rate linearly proportional to amplification, is illustrated. Stochastic cooling is mentioned and experimental work at CERN is illustrated. Particle storage of the order of 36000 pulses per day is claimed. Uses of beam cooling in Boson identification are reported. (3 refs).