Conceptual design and modeling of particle-matter interaction cooling systems for muon based applications

An ionization cooling channel is a tightly spaced lattice containing absorbers for reducing the momentum of the muon beam, rf cavities for restoring the longitudinal momentum, and strong solenoids for focusing. Such a lattice can be an essential feature for fundamental high-energy physics applications. In this paper we design, simulate, and compare four individual cooling schemes that rely on ionization cooling. We establish a scaling characterizing the impact of rf gradient limitations on the overall performance and systematically compare important lattice parameters such as the required magnetic fields and the number of cavities and absorber lengths for each cooling scenario. We discuss approaches for reducing the peak magnetic field inside the rf cavities by either increasing the lattice cell length or adopting a novel bucked-coil configuration. We numerically examine the performance of our proposed channels with two independent codes that fully incorporate all basic particle-matter-interaction physical processes.