Building a Luminosity Model for the LHC and HL-LHC

One key objective of the High Luminosity LHC Upgrade is to determine a set of beam parameters and the hardware configuration that will enable the LHC to reach a peak luminosity of 5×10³⁴ cm⁻² s⁻¹ and ultimately 7.5x10³⁴ cm⁻² s⁻¹ with levelling, allowing an integrated luminosity of 250-300 fb⁻¹ per year. In order to determine the integrated performance it is important to develop a realistic model of the luminosity evolution during a physics fill. In this paper, the different mechanisms affecting luminosity lifetime in the LHC are discussed and a luminosity model is presented. The model is benchmarked with data from LHC Run I.