Systematic gas gain measurements and Penning energy transfer rates in Ne − CO(2) mixtures

In Ne − CO(2) mixtures, excitation energy of Ne atom can be used to ionize CO(2) molecule by the mechanisms called Penning transfers. In the present work, we have measured the gas gain systematically in various Ne − CO(2) mixtures (Ne + 0.6 − 60% CO(2)) at 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.8 atm. The experimental data have been fitted to investigate the Penning energy transfer rates and the secondary processes playing a role in avalanche formations.