Étude des gerbes hadroniques à l'aide du prototype du calorimètre hadronique semi-digital et comparaison avec les modèles théoriques utilisés dans le logiciel GEANT4

The International Linear Collider ILC is an electron-positron collider project proposed to become the next particle collider after the Large Hadron Collider LHC. This collider will allow to study, in details, the new 125 GeV boson, discovered in 2012 by CMS and ATLAS experiments. This new particle seems compatible with the standard model Higgs boson. The International Collider may also allow physicists to discover new physics. In order to operate this new collider, two collaborations are developing two detectors : the International Large Detector ILD and the Silicon Detector SiD. These general-purpose detectors are optimised for particle flow algorithms. The team from Lyon in which I worked during my Ph.D., has widely participated in the development of the semi-digital hadronic calorimeter SDHCAL. This high granular calorimeter is one option for the International Large Detector hadronic calorimeter. A prototype has been built in 2011. This 1 m3 prototype is made of 48 glass resistive plate chambers and contains more than 440000 electronic readout channels. This technological calorimeter is often tested with beam of particles at CERN. The collected allowed me to study the hadronic showers with many details. Methods to reconstruct precisely the hadronic showers energy has been developed in order to improve the SDHCAL energy resolution. My main contribution was the development of the hadronic shower simulation within the SDHCAL. A realistic simulation of the SDHCAL was performed by studying the SDHCAL response to the passage of muons and electromagnetic showers. I was then able to compared different simulation models with experimental data. The SDHCAL granularity allows precise studies on the hadronic showers topology, such as longitudinal and lateral shower extent. I finally worked on the W and Z boson mass reconstruction in a full simulation of the International Large Detector in order to study the performance of this calorimeter option with particle flow techniques