Charmonium and Gauge Theories

Applications of gauge theories of the strong , weak and elec­tromagnetic interactions to $e^-e^+$ annihilation and the new particles are discussed. It seems difficult to apply asymptotically free pertur­bation theory to the new resonances , though more heuristic ideas based on hadrons as strings may give a qualitative picture of the Zweig rule. The possibility that heavy leptons and conventional charm are liberated when $E_{c.m.}$ $\geq$ 4 GeV in $e^-e^+$ annihilation seems compatible with the published data on K production and the total charged multiplicity. It is sug­gested that three-jet events may occur in $e^+e^-$ annihilation, caused by hard gluon bremsstrahlung.