Energy Dependence of the Very-forward Particle Production in p–p Collisions by the LHCf Experiment

The Large Hadron Collider forward (LHCf) experiment measures the forward particle production at the LHC to verify hadronic interaction models used in air shower experiments. In this work the photon production of the post-LHC models are examined in terms of the photon energy flow at η > 10.94 and 8.99 > η > 8.81 in p–p \(\sqrt{s} = 13\) TeV using the photon energy spectra derived by LHCf. The energy flows are calculated also for the previous results at η > 8.77 and 8.81 in \(\sqrt{s} = 0.9\) and 7 TeV, respectively.