Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

A precision measurement of the nitrogen flux with rigidity (momentum per unit charge) from 2.2 GV to 3.3 TV based on $2.2 \times 10^6$ events is presented. The detailed rigidity dependence of the nitrogen flux spectral index is presented for the first time. The spectral index rapidly hardens at high rigidities and becomes identical to the spectral indices of primary He, C, and O cosmic rays above $\sim 700$ GV. We observed that the nitrogen flux $\Phi_N$ can be presented as the sum of its primary component $\Phi_N^P$ and secondary component $\Phi_N^S$, $\Phi_N = \Phi_N^P + \Phi_N^S$, and we found $\Phi_N$ is well described by the weighted sum of the oxygen flux $\Phi_O$ (primary cosmic rays) and the boron flux $\Phi_B$ (secondary cosmic rays), with $\Phi_N^P = (0.090 \pm 0.002) \times \Phi_O$ and $\Phi_N^S = (0.62 \pm 0.02) \times \Phi_B$ over the entire rigidity range. This corresponds to a change of the contribution of the secondary cosmic ray component in the nitrogen flux from 70% at a few GV to $\lt 30 \%$ above 1 TV.