The neutron component of background of an HPGe detector operating in a surface laboratory

Investigation of neutron-induced background was carried out by studying interactions of cosmic-ray neutrons with an HPGe detector inside its shield placed on a ground floor of a 3-storey building. The study was conducted experimentally and by Monte Carlo simulations using GEANT4 simulation tool. Detailed analysis of measured background $\gamma$-ray spectra showed that many $\gamma$-lines visible in the spectra were induced by neutrons. The majority of detected $\gamma$-rays originated in germanium, copper, lead and tin. Iron and aluminium components were less important background sources. Inelastic scattering and neutron capture were the most often occurring processes of neutron interactions with the detector and its shielding. The contamination by natural radionuclides, specifically of $^{40}$K, $^{214}$Pb, $^{214}$Bi and $^{208}$Tl, was also present in the background spectra. Nevertheless, approximately 35% of 208 Tl peak at the energy of 2614.51 keV was produced by inelastic scattering of neutrons on $^{208}$Pb nuclei. The experimental background was compared with GEANT4 simulations, which were carried out without and with the shielding layer of the building. The final integral counting rates for measured spectrum in the energy range from 50 keV to 2875 keV was 1.26 $\pm$ 0.07 s$^{−1}$ and for simulated one 1.25 $\pm$ 0.13 s$^{−1}$, indicating very good agreement with the experiment.