Wakefield effects and mitigation techniques for nanobeam production at the KEK Accelerator Test Facility 2

The ATF2 beam line at KEK was built to validate the operating principle of a novel final-focus scheme devised to demagnify high-energy beams in future linear lepton colliders; to date vertical beam sizes as small as 41 nm have been demonstrated. However, this could only be achieved with an electron bunch intensity ∼10% of nominal, and it has been found that wakefield effects limit the beam size for bunch charges approaching the design value of $10^{10}e^-$. We present studies of the impact of wakefields on the production of “nanobeams” at the ATF2. Wake potentials were evaluated for the ATF2 beam line elements and incorporated into a realistic transport simulation of the beam. The effects of both static (component misalignments and rolls, magnet strength errors and beam position monitor resolution) and dynamic (position and angle jitter) imperfections were included and their effects on the beam size evaluated. Mitigation techniques were developed and applied, including orbit correction, dispersion-free steering, wakefield-free steering, and interaction point tuning knobs. Explicit correction knobs to compensate for wakefield effects were studied and applied, and found to significantly decrease the intensity dependence of the beam size.