Incoherent electron cloud effects in the Large Hadron Collider

During the operation of the Large Hadron Collider in 2018, the majority of physics data was collected with a beam energy of 6.5 TeV, a bunch spacing of 25 ns and with β-functions in the high luminosity interaction points equal to 30 cm. In this configuration, it was found through several experimental measurements that electron cloud induces a significant degradation of the beam lifetime. This contribution reviews the available experimental observations, showing in particular the role played by the e-cloud located in regions around the interaction points, where the two beams share the same vacuum chamber. Recent developments toward a reliable numerical simulation of these incoherent effects driven by electron cloud are also presented.