Simulating radiation effects and signal response in silicon sensors

Simulating the effects of radiation on signal response in silicon sensors is crucial for accurately predicting detector performance throughout the lifetime of the experiment. This, in turn, improves the reconstruction accuracy of proton–proton collisions and helps maintain the experiment’s physics reach. In what follows, the strategies implemented by the LHC experiments to correctly simulate the evolution of silicon tracking performance with luminosity will be presented. Different implementations of sensor simulations are used by the large LHC experiments. In what follows, the implementations for ATLAS (Section 7.1), CMS (Section 7.2), and LHCb (Section 7.3) are described. In Section 7.4 the different strategies of the LHC experiments are compared.