The school administration: a know-how of the teachers normalistas in Veracruz during the Porfiriato

The objective of this paper is to show the reader that the professional training of the graduates of the Primary Normal School of Xalapa in the Porfirian era was more complex than we knew until now. A través del análisis de disertaciones profesionales de docentes graduados, Normal Xalapa encontró que los promotores de la pedagogía moderna insistían en que los normalistas les proporcionaran no solo conocimientos de métodos y técnicas de enseñanza, sino también procedimientos de capacitación para tratar de mantener el orden en la escuela. The set of procedures that teachers learned to use in normal schools, to try to control the behavior of their students has been called "school administration", in the reviewed dissertations it was found to consist of certain procedures such as: observation, planning, organization, control and even some basic accounting elements.