Mini hydroelectric projects in the State of Veracruz, Mexico (2008-2017): socio-environmental diagnosis

The construction of large dams predominated in the generation of national hydroelectric energy, and this had negative environmental and social impacts. In other countries, mini hydroelectric plants provide a sustainable energy source, however, in Mexico these projects face obstacles. The aim here was to analyze the Manifestations of Environmental Impact (MEI) of the mini ongoing hydroelectric projects in Veracruz to know their socio-environmental problems. 65% of MEIs were approved, although only one project operates and 19 have not been built, mainly due to rejection by the affected population in the face of the negative environmental impact implied by the elimination of vegetation and the limited benefit to the communities. Mini hydroelectric plants still do not represent a viable option to replace the conventional sources of electrical energy in Mexico, although they offer an area of opportunity, if they are promoted jointly with other renewable energies and the regulations are strengthened so that their social and environmental effects are the least as possible.