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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Bovine Coronavirus Infection among Dairy Cattle and Water Buffalo in Campania Region, Southern Italy

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Since there is currently little information on the distribution of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in Italy, we determined its seroprevalence among cattle and water buffalo in the Campania region of southern Italy. We found very high seroprevalence values of 30.8% and 76% at individual and...

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Autores principales: Ferrara, Gianmarco, Iovane, Valentina, Improda, Elvira, Iovane, Giuseppe, Pagnini, Ugo, Montagnaro, Serena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36899629
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13050772
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author Ferrara, Gianmarco
Iovane, Valentina
Improda, Elvira
Iovane, Giuseppe
Pagnini, Ugo
Montagnaro, Serena
author_facet Ferrara, Gianmarco
Iovane, Valentina
Improda, Elvira
Iovane, Giuseppe
Pagnini, Ugo
Montagnaro, Serena
author_sort Ferrara, Gianmarco
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Since there is currently little information on the distribution of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in Italy, we determined its seroprevalence among cattle and water buffalo in the Campania region of southern Italy. We found very high seroprevalence values of 30.8% and 76% at individual and herd levels, respectively. In both cattle and water buffalo, species, age, and origin were common risk factors that were positively associated with antibody detection. Only in water buffalo was a higher sero-prevalence observed in animals cohabiting with cattle, indicating that this practice is incorrect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first BCoV serological survey performed in southern Italy as well as the first description of BCoV antibody detection in water buffalo in Italy. ABSTRACT: Cattle and water buffalo are the main livestock species that are raised in the Campania region, southern Italy, and they contribute significantly to the regional rural economy. Currently there are limited data on the prevalence of relevant impact infections, such as bovine coronavirus (BCov), an RNA virus that causes acute enteric and respiratory disease. Although these diseases are described primarily in cattle, there have been reports of spillovers to other ruminants, including water buffalo. Here, we determined the seroprevalence of BCoV in cattle and water buffalo in the Campania region of southern Italy. An overall seroprevalence of 30.8% was determined after testing 720 sampled animals with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A risk factor analysis revealed that the seropositivity rates in cattle (49.2%) were higher than in water buffalo (5.3%). In addition, higher seroprevalence rates were observed in older and purchased animals. In cattle, housing type and location were not associated with higher seroprevalence. The presence of BCoV antibodies in water buffalo was associated with the practice of co-inhabiting with cattle, demonstrating that this practice is incorrect and promotes the transmission of pathogens between different species. Our study found a considerable seroprevalence, which is consistent with previous research from other countries. Our results provide information on the widespread distribution of this pathogen as well as the risk factors that are involved in its transmission. This information could be useful in the control and surveillance of this infection.
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spelling pubmed-100001942023-03-11 Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Bovine Coronavirus Infection among Dairy Cattle and Water Buffalo in Campania Region, Southern Italy Ferrara, Gianmarco Iovane, Valentina Improda, Elvira Iovane, Giuseppe Pagnini, Ugo Montagnaro, Serena Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Since there is currently little information on the distribution of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in Italy, we determined its seroprevalence among cattle and water buffalo in the Campania region of southern Italy. We found very high seroprevalence values of 30.8% and 76% at individual and herd levels, respectively. In both cattle and water buffalo, species, age, and origin were common risk factors that were positively associated with antibody detection. Only in water buffalo was a higher sero-prevalence observed in animals cohabiting with cattle, indicating that this practice is incorrect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first BCoV serological survey performed in southern Italy as well as the first description of BCoV antibody detection in water buffalo in Italy. ABSTRACT: Cattle and water buffalo are the main livestock species that are raised in the Campania region, southern Italy, and they contribute significantly to the regional rural economy. Currently there are limited data on the prevalence of relevant impact infections, such as bovine coronavirus (BCov), an RNA virus that causes acute enteric and respiratory disease. Although these diseases are described primarily in cattle, there have been reports of spillovers to other ruminants, including water buffalo. Here, we determined the seroprevalence of BCoV in cattle and water buffalo in the Campania region of southern Italy. An overall seroprevalence of 30.8% was determined after testing 720 sampled animals with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A risk factor analysis revealed that the seropositivity rates in cattle (49.2%) were higher than in water buffalo (5.3%). In addition, higher seroprevalence rates were observed in older and purchased animals. In cattle, housing type and location were not associated with higher seroprevalence. The presence of BCoV antibodies in water buffalo was associated with the practice of co-inhabiting with cattle, demonstrating that this practice is incorrect and promotes the transmission of pathogens between different species. Our study found a considerable seroprevalence, which is consistent with previous research from other countries. Our results provide information on the widespread distribution of this pathogen as well as the risk factors that are involved in its transmission. This information could be useful in the control and surveillance of this infection. MDPI 2023-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10000194/ /pubmed/36899629 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13050772 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ferrara, Gianmarco
Iovane, Valentina
Improda, Elvira
Iovane, Giuseppe
Pagnini, Ugo
Montagnaro, Serena
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Bovine Coronavirus Infection among Dairy Cattle and Water Buffalo in Campania Region, Southern Italy
title Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Bovine Coronavirus Infection among Dairy Cattle and Water Buffalo in Campania Region, Southern Italy
title_full Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Bovine Coronavirus Infection among Dairy Cattle and Water Buffalo in Campania Region, Southern Italy
title_fullStr Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Bovine Coronavirus Infection among Dairy Cattle and Water Buffalo in Campania Region, Southern Italy
title_full_unstemmed Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Bovine Coronavirus Infection among Dairy Cattle and Water Buffalo in Campania Region, Southern Italy
title_short Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Bovine Coronavirus Infection among Dairy Cattle and Water Buffalo in Campania Region, Southern Italy
title_sort seroprevalence and risk factors for bovine coronavirus infection among dairy cattle and water buffalo in campania region, southern italy
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36899629
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13050772
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