Research Progress on Glycoprotein 5 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Research on GP5 protein is of great significance in the diagnosis, prevention, and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). We summarize its genetic variation, immunity, replication, apoptosis, virulence, interaction with viral protein and host proteins, which provides a theoretical foundation for exploring the PRRSV replication mechanisms and developing new vaccines. ABSTRACT: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an acute, febrile, and highly contagious disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Glycoprotein 5 (GP5) is a glycosylated envelope protein encoded by the PRRSV ORF5, which has good immunogenicity and can induce the body to produce neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, study of GP5 protein is of great significance in the diagnosis, prevention, and control of PRRSV and the development of new vaccines. We reviewed GP5 protein genetic variation, immune function, interaction with viral protein and host proteins, induction of cell apoptosis, and stimulation of neutralizing antibodies. GP5 protein’s influence on virus replication and virulence, as well as its use as a target for viral detection and immunization are reviewed.