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Occurrence of Phthalate Esters in Coffee and Risk Assessment

Coffee, one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, is commercialized as powder and beans in different types of packaging and extracted through several methods. In this regard, the present study focused on evaluating the concentration of two of the most used phthalates in plastic materia...

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Autores principales: Velotto, Salvatore, Squillante, Jonathan, Nolasco, Agata, Romano, Raffaele, Cirillo, Teresa, Esposito, Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10001370/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36900623
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12051106
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author Velotto, Salvatore
Squillante, Jonathan
Nolasco, Agata
Romano, Raffaele
Cirillo, Teresa
Esposito, Francesco
author_facet Velotto, Salvatore
Squillante, Jonathan
Nolasco, Agata
Romano, Raffaele
Cirillo, Teresa
Esposito, Francesco
author_sort Velotto, Salvatore
collection PubMed
description Coffee, one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, is commercialized as powder and beans in different types of packaging and extracted through several methods. In this regard, the present study focused on evaluating the concentration of two of the most used phthalates in plastic materials (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and di-butyl phthalate (DBP)) in coffee powder and beverages to assess their migration from different packaging and machines. Furthermore, the levels of exposure to these endocrine disruptors in regular coffee consumers were estimated. Samples of packaged coffee powder/beans (n = 60) from different forms of packaging (multilayer bag, aluminum tin, and paper pod) and coffee beverages (n = 40) that were differently extracted (by professional espresso machine (PEM), Moka pot (MP), and home espresso machine (HEM)) were analyzed by extraction of the lipid fraction, purification, and determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Risk due to consumption of coffee (1–6 cups) was assessed based on tolerable daily intake (TDI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). No significant differences emerged in DBP and DEHP concentrations among different types of packaging (multilayer, aluminum, and paper), whereas higher levels of DEHP were reported in beverages extracted by PEM (6.65, 2.58–11.32) than by MP (0.78, 0.59–0.91) and HEM (0.83, 0.62–0.98). The presence of higher DEHP levels in coffee beverages than in coffee powder may be due to its leaching through machine components. However, the levels of PAEs did not exceed the specific migration limits (SMLs) set out for food contact materials (FCM), and exposure to PAEs from coffee beverages was low, justifying the small risk due of its consumption. Consequently, coffee can be considered a safe beverage for exposure to some phthalic acid esters (PAEs).
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spelling pubmed-100013702023-03-11 Occurrence of Phthalate Esters in Coffee and Risk Assessment Velotto, Salvatore Squillante, Jonathan Nolasco, Agata Romano, Raffaele Cirillo, Teresa Esposito, Francesco Foods Communication Coffee, one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, is commercialized as powder and beans in different types of packaging and extracted through several methods. In this regard, the present study focused on evaluating the concentration of two of the most used phthalates in plastic materials (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and di-butyl phthalate (DBP)) in coffee powder and beverages to assess their migration from different packaging and machines. Furthermore, the levels of exposure to these endocrine disruptors in regular coffee consumers were estimated. Samples of packaged coffee powder/beans (n = 60) from different forms of packaging (multilayer bag, aluminum tin, and paper pod) and coffee beverages (n = 40) that were differently extracted (by professional espresso machine (PEM), Moka pot (MP), and home espresso machine (HEM)) were analyzed by extraction of the lipid fraction, purification, and determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Risk due to consumption of coffee (1–6 cups) was assessed based on tolerable daily intake (TDI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). No significant differences emerged in DBP and DEHP concentrations among different types of packaging (multilayer, aluminum, and paper), whereas higher levels of DEHP were reported in beverages extracted by PEM (6.65, 2.58–11.32) than by MP (0.78, 0.59–0.91) and HEM (0.83, 0.62–0.98). The presence of higher DEHP levels in coffee beverages than in coffee powder may be due to its leaching through machine components. However, the levels of PAEs did not exceed the specific migration limits (SMLs) set out for food contact materials (FCM), and exposure to PAEs from coffee beverages was low, justifying the small risk due of its consumption. Consequently, coffee can be considered a safe beverage for exposure to some phthalic acid esters (PAEs). MDPI 2023-03-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10001370/ /pubmed/36900623 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12051106 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Communication
Velotto, Salvatore
Squillante, Jonathan
Nolasco, Agata
Romano, Raffaele
Cirillo, Teresa
Esposito, Francesco
Occurrence of Phthalate Esters in Coffee and Risk Assessment
title Occurrence of Phthalate Esters in Coffee and Risk Assessment
title_full Occurrence of Phthalate Esters in Coffee and Risk Assessment
title_fullStr Occurrence of Phthalate Esters in Coffee and Risk Assessment
title_full_unstemmed Occurrence of Phthalate Esters in Coffee and Risk Assessment
title_short Occurrence of Phthalate Esters in Coffee and Risk Assessment
title_sort occurrence of phthalate esters in coffee and risk assessment
topic Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10001370/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36900623
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12051106
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