The Evolution of Landscape Patterns and Its Ecological Effects of Open-Pit Mining: A Case Study in the Heidaigou Mining Area, China

This paper investigates the impact of land use/cover type changes in the Haideigou open-pit coal mine on the evolution of the landscape patterns and ecological and environmental quality in the mine area, based on medium- and high-resolution remote sensing images in 2006, 2011, 2016, and 2021 using ArcGIS 10.5, Fragstats 4.2, and the Google Earth Engine platform. The results show that: (1) From 2006 to 2021, the area of cropland and waste dumps in the Heidaigou mining area changed significantly, the land use shifted in a single direction, and the overall land use change was unbalanced. (2) Through the analysis of landscape indicators, it was shown that the diversity of the landscape patches in the study area increased, connectivity decreased, and the patches became more fragmented. (3) Based on the changes in the mean value of the RSEI over the past 15 years, the ecological environment quality of the mining area deteriorated first and then improved. The quality of the ecological environment in the mining area was significantly affected by human activities. This study provides an important basis for achieving the sustainability and stability of ecological environmental development in mining areas.