Study on the Radioactivity Levels of Metal Tailings in the Lhasa Area of Tibet

The main purpose of this study was to determine the natural radioactivity level of raw radionuclides in the metal tailings of a mine in Lhasa, Tibet, and to conduct sampling and detection in 17 typical metal tailing mines in Lhasa, Tibet. The specific activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th, and (40)K in the samples were calculated. The total αβχγ radiation, radon concentration, and outdoor absorbed dose rate in the air 1.0 m above the ground were measured. The γ radiation levels affecting miners and their surrounding residents were assessed. The results show that the radiation dose ranges from 0.08 μSv/h to 0.26 μSv/h, and the radon concentration ranges from 10.8 Bq/m(3) to 29.6 Bq/m(3), which does not exceed the national radiation-related standards, and the environmental hazard risk is low. The specific activity concentration of (226)Ra ranged from 8.91 Bq/kg to 94.61 Bq/kg, the specific activity concentration of (232)Th ranged from 2.90 Bq/kg to 89.62 Bq/kg, and the specific activity concentration of (40)K was less than MDA to 762.89 Bq/kg. The average absorbed dose rate (DO) of the 17 mining areas was 39.82 nGy/h, the average annual effective dose rate (EO) was 0.057 mSv/y. The average external risk index of the 17 mining areas was 0.24, the average internal risk index was 0.34, and the average γ index was 0.31, all of which were less than the maximum permissible limit. This means that the metal tailings from all 17 mining areas were within the limit for γ radiation and, therefore, can be used in bulk as major building materials without posing a significant radiation threat to the residents of the study area.